Ten geophysical survey lines and one block survey were established at the mud volcano site, focusing on the three dimensional subsurface structure of the features.  Dipole-dipole resistivity lines were performed with a base electrode spacing of 1m, 2m, and 5m.  GPR lines were performed with 200MHz and 400MHz antennae.  The 900MHz antenna tested at the site produced results similar to the 400MHz profiles.

Data were processed using ERTLab64 (resistivity) and Reflexw (GPR).  The resistivity results at small electrode spacing resolve individual or small groupings of vent conduits.  Some resolution is lost as the electrode spacing is increased, but a subsurface zone of low resistivity (mud chamber) is visible linking to the surface vents.  Three dimensional imaging of the 2m profiles clearly shows the structure of the mud volcano vent.   

GPR profiles show a continuous reflector at a depth of approximately 1m across the site, broken at the location of the mud volcano vents.  Additional, stratigraphic texture features such as crossbedding are apparent in the GPR profiles, particularly for the higher frequency (higher resolution) 400MHz antenna. 

Five parallel GPR profiles over two mud volcano vents (low-lying area), with the crossbedding features (top) and the disruption of the continuous reflector at approximately 1m at the location of the vents