Turnin setup: 
perl  /export/home/public/spiegel/turnin.pl   402
source ~/.bash_profile

Do the above once only, from your root directory...

Test turnin:

turnin402 ________  _______  _________

- wild cards are okay, directories not.

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Forum URL:

https://acad.kutztown.edu/phpBB3/ 

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Significant changes owing to the upgrade of g++ from pre-2011 versions to version 8.3:
1. The argument to the fstream (and subclasses) open() command can be a string
2. Inclusion of new libraries like <chrono>

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Printing a C-string

void printcStr(char *str)
{ for (int idx=0;str[idx]!='\0';idx++)   // '\0' is the char representation of the null terminator (ASCII value 0)
    cout << str[idx];
  cout << endl;
}

Print a C-string with no indexing:
void print(char *str])   // Precondition: str is null terminated
{ while (*str) {
    cout << *str;
    str++;
  }
  cout << endl;
}

void print(char *str)   // Precondition: str is null terminated
{ for( ; *str ; str++) 
    cout << *str;
  cout << endl;
}

Note: Assignment of C-strings using the equality (=) operator assigns their addresses.

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Fundamental Rule of Data Structures
- Any data structure can be broken down into its constituent simple types.

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Inheritance notes:

How members are inherited
public - visible everywhere including subclasses* 
protected - visible in class and all subclasses*
private - visible only in same class*
   *unless mode in declaration precludes it

Inheritance mode given in declaration of subclass states maximum access to inherited attributes from parent.
- if private, nothing from parent is accessible.

Functions can be overwritten

Overwriting vs overloading 
- overload has same name but different signature
- overwrite has identical signature in subclass

A pointer or reference to a superclass X may be referred or pointed at any subclass of X.

Polymorphism
- keyword virtual used in C++
  * to be inherited, function must be declared virtual
- In Java an overwritten function is automatically handled via polymorphism

Keyword virtual causes binding of calls to be deferred until run-time.