In modern computer language, an activation record is created and pushed onto the run-time stack for each call of a function.  It contains information/data for that particular call of the function.

There is a pointer that holds the current PC for this particular execution of the function.
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What is the overriding determination of equality?
- Easy determination of 'sameness'
- Can be converted and display sameness.
- Convention
- Common sense

Type equivalenve is a matter for the compiler, i.e. it is defined in the language.
Identical types: Compiler sees them as the exact same
Compatible types: Compiler allows either type combined in an expression.

Structural Equivalence:
Two objects are structurally equivalent if their members match by type (but not necessarily in declaration order).

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Inheritance note:

If a subclass has a data member whose identifier is the same as in its superclass, the subclass declaration shadows, overrides, the supercalss declaration, which is therefore not inherited.

If a subclass declares an instance of a finction with the same signature as in the superclass, that function also overrides the superclass version.

In C++, an overridden member can still be accessed using scope resolution, e.g.
	<superclass name>::<member name>

In Java:
	super.<member name>