Distinguish between escape learning and avoidance learning.
Explain the effect of an escape response on future behavior.
Define a pre-aversive stimulus.
Identify the term from classical conditioning that applies to a pre-aversive stimulus.
Distinguish between active and passive avoidance.
Explain why avoidance learning is more difficult to account for than escape learning.
Describe Mowrer's two factor theory of avoidance learning.
Explain the evidence against Mowrer's two factor theory of avoidance learning.
Explain the implications of this evidence for the treatment of avoidant behaviors.
Name the two types of punishment and explain what distinguished them.
List the disadvantages of punishment.
Explain how punishment can be effective.
Explain how time-out is best implemented in a classroom.
Describe some good policies for using punishment in a classroom.
Describe the research with dogs that supported the mechanism of learned helplessness.
List examples from relationships and education that illustrate behavior that may be due to learned helplessness.