State the effect of frequency of use on the ease with which people retrieve information without much conscious effort.
Describe Lindsay and Norman's (1977) analogy for how retrieval works.
Describe Bower and Holyoak's (1973) experiment that supports Lindsay and Norman's analogy.
Explain the implications of Bower and Holyoak's (1973) results for understanding how to make retrieval work best.
Explain the concept of "spreading activation".
Describe the effect of anxiety on retrieval.
Explain what a retrieval cue is and how it affects retrieval.
Give an example of a "flashbulb" memory.
Describe how "flashbulb" memories were thought to differ from other memories.
Explain the implications of the research of Neisser and Harsch (1992) on "flashbulb" memories.
Describe some of the evidence for the post-event misinformation effect.
Distinguish between "decay", "obliterative subsumption", "interference", and "failure to retrieve" as mechanisms of forgetting.
Evaluate the validity of "repression" as a mechanism of forgetting.
Describe some general principles of retrieval for instructional settings