State Freud's professional training.
Describe how Freud came to develop a theory of personality.
Define "psychological determinism."
Name Freud's three major systems in the structure of the personality.
Describe Freud's "iceberg" analogy for the mind, and explain what it was intended to illustrate.
For each of the three major systems of the personality, describe their goal, how they develop, and the principle upon which they operate.
Define "libido".
Explain how Freud thought that libido was like the concept of energy in the natural sciences.
Describe, according to the psychoanalytical approach, what might cause anxiety and what a person might do about the anxiety.
Define "repression".
Explain what is involved in psychoanalysis. Describe the techniques Freud used and explain why he used them.
Name and describe Freud's stages of psychosexual development.
Explain the "Oedipus conflict".
Explain what happens, according to pyschoanalytic theory, if a child's development becomes fixated at a certain stage.
Recognize examples of fixation.
Define "projective tests" and explain the assumptions behind them.
Describe the Rorschach Inkblot test and the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test).
Explain some of the criticisms of projective tests.
Describe the picture of human nature that is provided by the psychoanalytic approach.
Explain what the impact of Freud's theory has been.
Explain why scientific psychologists do not consider Freud's psychoanalytic approach to be a valuable theory.
Name the major factor that is believed to explain personality according to social learning theory.
List and describe the cognitive variables that are included in modern social learning theory.
Explain how social learning theory would account for a child feeling ashamed when she/he is bad.
Explain how social learning theory accounts for a person being motivated to work hard.
Describe how research is often conducted in the social learning approach.
Give examples of contributions and criticisms of social learning theory.
Name the major factor that is believed to explain personality according to the humanistic approach.
Name three major humanist personality psychologists.
Describe the "self-concept", the "ideal self", and "congruence".
Explain what could cause "incongruence" and how a humanistic therapist would deal with it.
Name and describe a method of assessing "congruence".
List, in order, the needs in the "hierarchy of needs".
Distinguish between the two conceptualizations of "self-actualization" proposed by two major humanist psychologists.
Describe "Personal construct theory".
Describe a test to assess one's personal constructs.
Assess the humanistic approach in terms of contributions and criticisms.