CIS343|510 Chapter Two Review w/
Answers
As an interface between the user and the
computer hardware, the operating sytem can be thought of as having three
objectives:
1-3.
convenience, efficiency, ability to
evolve
4.
As a user/computer interface, in which of these areas are services not typically
provided by the operating system:
a. Mail merge d.
User fingerprinting
b. Program creation e. Error detection and response
c. Controlled access to files f. Design and analysis of
algorithms
a, d, f
Identify these services provided by the
operating system:
5.
Collect usage statistics; monitor performance parameters.
accounting
6.
Takes care of the details of corresponding with "the outside world".
access to i/o devices
7.
Give user access to programs for editing and debugging programs.
program creation
8.
Control access to all the resources of the system; provide protection; resolve
conflicts for resource contention.
system access
9.
Respond to error conditions by clearing the condition with the least amount of
impact on running applications.
error detection and response
10.
Perform the tasks, such as loading a program into memory, needed in order to
run user programs.
program execution
11.
Handle the details of reading from & writing to files; provide protection
mechanisms for these files.
controlled access to files
12.
A computer system can be thought of as a _____ for movement, storage and
processing of data and for the control of these functions.
set of resources
13.
And the chief task of an operating system can defined as _____.
managing these resources
14-15. The above describes the operating system as a control mechanism. In
what two ways does the OS differ from most other control mechanisms?
++ it is a program executed by the
processor, just as user programs are
++ it frequently relinquishes control
and depends on the processor to allow it to
regain control
16.
The portion of the OS which contains the most frequently-used functions and
which resides in main memory is known as the...
nucleus or kernel
17.
Which of these are not reasons why major OSs evolve over time?
a. New software purchased by user d. Hardware upgrades
b. New services desired by user e. Fixes of bugs in the OS
c. Non-von-Neumann architectures f. New types of hardware
a, c
Identify the stage in the evolution of OSs
described below:
18.
Jobs are run in batches, but memory holds several jobs at a time.
Multiprogramming Batch
systems
19.
A piece of software called the monitor handles the running of jobs
submitted by users.
Simple batch systems
20.
Programmer interacts directly with the computer hardware. Basically, there is
no OS.
Serial Processing
21.
Many users interact with running programs.
Time-Sharing Systems
22.
Match the type of OS on the left with typical problems / advantages /
hardware-software requirements on the right.
Time-Sharing
System memory
protection
setup
time
Serial
Processing memory
management
contention
for resources
Multiprogrammed
Batch Systems job control language
privileged
instructions
Simple
Batch Systems sign-up
sheets to reserve
machine
time
TSS - contention
SP - sign-up, setup time
MBS - mem mgmt
SBS - mem protect, priv. instr., JCL
Identify these hardware features which are
desireable for modern operating systems.
23.
Facilitates the OS relinquishing and regaining control of the processor.
interrupts
24.
Can be used to prevent a single job from monopolizing the system.
timer
25.
Detect attemps by user program to write to OS area of memory.
memory protection
26.
Does not allow user program to execute the full set of machine instructions.
privileged instructions
What are the 5 major intellectual
achievements in the development of OSs?
27-31.
Information protection and
security
Memory management
processes
Scheduling and resource
management
System structure
32. Give a definition of process.
A program in execution
Identify the three major lines of computer
system development which gave rise to problems in timing and synchronization,
which, in turn, gave rise to the concept of a process.
33. Processor is switched among various programs residing in memory.
multiprogramming
34. Support many users simultaneously.
general-purpose time sharing
35. Online entry of queries and updates against a database.
real-time transaction
processing
Identify these errors in system software
which occurred in early attempts to coordinate the various activities mentioned
above.
36. Signals needed to coordinate events and routines are lost or duplicate
signals are received.
improper synchronization
37. Two or more programs make use of a resource which can only be used
sequentially (not simultaneously).
failed mutual exclusion
38. Unexpected interaction between programs in a shared system, interfering
with the operation of one or the other or both.
nondeterminate program
operation
39. Two or more programs cannot proceed until the other does.
deadlock
40. Name the three components that comprise a process
executable program;
associated data; execution context
With respect to Figure 2.9:
41. Which process is currently executing? Give two ways this answer can be
determined.
Process i :: (a) it is found in the
Process Index; (b) PC points into its program area
42. What is the value "b" that is found in the base register?
It is the address of the
beginning of Process i’s memory area
43. What is the value "h" that is found in the limit register?
It is the amount of memory
allocated to Process i
44. In what way did a change in hardware provide the solution for a system
software problem? What was the software problem? How was the problem solved by
hardware?
Problem:: how to keep one
process from writing into (or reading from)
the memory area of another
process
Solution:: Check memory
address requests against base & limit registers
Identify these principal storage
management responsibilities:
45. Programmers should be able to create & destroy modules and alter
their size dynamically.
support of modular
programming
46. Prevent independent processes from interfering with each other.
process isolation
47. Store information for extended periods of time.
long-term storage
48. Allocate memory across the hierarchy without burden to the programmer.
automatic allocation and
management
49. Allow sharing of memory while preventing inappropriate access.
protection and access
controls
Identify these goals of a resource
allocation and scheduling policy
50. Maximize throughput, minimize response time, accommodate as many users
as possible.
efficiency
51. Give all processes approximately equal access to resources.
fairness
52. Discriminate among different classes of jobs with different service
requirements.
differential responsiveness